مجله زیست شناسی ایران

تولید مثل و ناباروری در مردان: رابطۀ بین فقر و میزان کل باروری

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسنده

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

تولید مثل پدیده­ای زیستی است که طی آن یک موجود زنده از والدین یا یک والد به روش جنسی یا غیرجنسی به وجود آمده و برای بقاء گونه جاندار ضروری است. در حال حاضر، هر زن در دوره فعال تولیدمثل بین سال‌های 15 تا 49 زندگی به طور میانگین، از خود 5/2 فرزند باقی می‌گذارد که میزان باروری کل نامیده می‌شود. به هر حال، میزان باروری کل نسبت به سال­های 55-1950 نصف شده است. مقاله حاضر، مروری بر سازوکارهای هورمونی کنترل کننده تولید و بلوغ اسپرم در مردان داشته و به مطالعه جهانی ناباروری زوج‌ها و نقش مردان در کاهش میزان باروری کل می‌پردازد. پژوهش‌ها نشان داده است که کاهش میزان باروری کل در جهان با افزایش تعداد مردانی رابطه دارد که ویژگی­های مایع منی آنها زیر استانداردهای تعریف شده توسط سازمان جهانی بهداشت قرار داشته و نابارور محسوب می‌شوند. همچنین، بررسی مقایسه­ای بر روی نقشه پراکنش جهانی میزان باروری کل، فقر مطلق و فقر غذایی نشان می‌دهد میزان باروری کل، در سال­های اخیر، در جمعیت­های مناطق با فقر مطلق و فقر غذایی کاهش نشان داده است که ناشی از افزایش تعداد مردان نابارور است. با توجه به نقش تغذیه بر سلامت تولیدمثل، این مقاله نشان می‌دهد فقر غذایی می‌تواند یکی از دلایل کاهش میزان باروری کل به دلیل تأثیر بر سازوکارهای هورمونی کنترل کننده تولید، رشد و بلوغ اسپرم در مردان باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reproduction and infertility in men:  A relationship between poverty and total fertility rate

نویسنده [English]

  • Hadi Alavi

چکیده [English]

Reproduction is the biological process by which a new individual organism is produced from their parents (sexual method) or parent (asexual method), and is essential for the survival of species. Nowadays, global trends in total fertility rate (TFR) show 2-fold decrease compared to 1950-1955. The average number of children per woman over her reproductive life subject for ages 15-49 was estimated to be 4.96 in 1950-1955 and 2.52 in 2010-2015. The present paper reviews hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation in men, and investigates the roles of men in global rate of couple infertility. This study shows that decrease in TFR is associated with an increase in number of men that produce semen under the World Health Organization reference values, and considered as infertile men. Comprehensive analyses of world map on TFR, poverty (percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day), and hunger (percentage of population suffering from hunger) show that TFR has highly decreased in populations inhabiting the area under poverty and hunger; associated with an increase in number of infertile men. Considering a cross-talk between reproduction and metabolism, the present study suggests that suffering from hunger is a key determinant to decrease TFR due to disruption of hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation in men.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • count of sperm
  • Nutrition
  • sperm movement
  • hormone
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مجله زیست شناسی ایران
دوره 5، شماره 9 - شماره پیاپی 9
شهریور 1400
صفحه 60-69
  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 فروردین 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 تیر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 شهریور 1400