مجله زیست شناسی ایران
ایمونوپاتوژنز، تشخیص و درمان کووید-19
نویسندگان
1 تهران، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، بیمارستان شریعتی، مرکز تحقیقات روماتولوژی
2 تهران، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، مرکز تحقیقات التهاب
چکیده
ویروس SARS-CoV-2 عضوی از خانواده‌ی کروناویروس‌ها است که در اواخر سال ۲۰۱۹ در کشور چین باعث پدید آمدن اپیدمی بیماری تنفسی کووید-19 و در نهایت همه‌گیری جهانی این بیماری شد. ژنگان (genome) این ویروس شباهت ۷۹ درصدی به ویروس SARS-CoV دارد و برای ورود به سلول، مشابه ویروس SARS-CoV از رسپتور ACE2 استفاده می‌کند. شایع‌ترین علائم این بیماری شامل تب، سرفه و درگیری ریوی است که گاهی با علائم دستگاه گوارش نیز همراه است. کاهش تعداد و عملکرد لنفوسیت‌ها و افزایش شدید فعالیت التهابی لوکوسیت‌ها از عوارض ایمنی شناسی این بیماری است. اگر پاسخ‌های سیستم ایمنی در برابر ویروس کافی و مناسب نباشد بیماری وارد حالت حاد و شدید خود می‌شود. در این حالت فعالیت سلول‌های ایمنی سبب افزایش بیش از حد میزان سایتوکاین‌ها در خون و القای طوفان سایتوکاینی شده و سبب آسیب‌های سیستمی قلبی، ریوی و کلیوی و در نهایت مرگ می‌شود. همچنین آسیب ریوی سبب فیبروزی شدن بافت ریه، سخت شدن تنفس، کاهش سطح اکسیژن خون شریانی می‌شود. تا کنون هیچ داروی اختصاصی برای درمان بیماران کووید-19 شناسایی نشده است اما داروها و روش‌هایی که در کنترل و بهبود بیماری SARS مانند کلروکین، هیدروکسی کلروکین و پلاسما تراپی موثر بوده‌اند از جمله مواردی هستند که نیاز به بررسی بیشتری دارند. در این مقاله مروری به بررسی روند ایمونوپاتوژنز بیماری کووید-19 و درمان‌های ممکن اثربخش در بهبود این بیماری می‌پردازیم.
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دوره 4، شماره 7 - شماره پیاپی 7
اردیبهشت 1399صفحه 251-259
- تاریخ دریافت: 22 دی 1398
- تاریخ بازنگری: 10 تیر 1399
- تاریخ پذیرش: 10 تیر 1399