پرسش های برخاسته از کرونا ویروس”جدید“: ”متخصصین“ بسیار زیاد – تفکر بسیار کم

نویسندگان

کرمان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، مرکز تحقیقات فیزیولوژی

چکیده

تاریخ گرایش به تکرار دارد و بیمارهای  همه گیر /جهان­ گیر  نیز از این قاعده مستثنی نیستد. نکته جالب، پایه  مشترک موجود بین کرونا ویروس 2019 نوظهور کنونی، سارس (سندرم تنفسی حاد) و مرس  (سندرم تنفسی خاورمیانه)  که قبل از آن شیوع یافته اند  و همه­گیری بزرگ  جهانی 1918 است که مدت ها قبل شیوع یافته است. کووید-19 امروزی، در خلاء رخ نداده است. در دسامبر سال 2018، لیو و همکاران، اعلام کردند بیماری سل (tuberclusis) یک اپیدمی سراسری در چین است، یک اپیدمی که همچنان شدت می­گیرد. چین رتبه دوم در تحمل فشار ناشی از سل در جهان را دارد. بیماری ای که اغلب با علائم آنفلوانزا شروع می شود، و باسیل های آن انباشته از RNA ویروس های باکتریائی به نام مایکوفاژها است. در سال 2016، سازمان جهانی بهداشت بی سروصدا اعلام کرد که با وجود همۀ پیشرفت ها، باسیلوس توبرکلوزیس که دکتر کخ به فشار ناچار شد آن را "ویروس توبرکلوزیس" بنامد، بار دیگر کشنده ترین عامل بیماری زای جهان است. در اینجا ما تمام چهار بیماری همه گیر/ جهان گیر را با برخی نتایج شگفت آور و شباهت هایشان مقایسه می­کنیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

  1. John Lauritsen. “HIV & AIDS - Has Provincetown Become Protease Town?” New York Native 9 (1996).
  2. Liu Q., et al. “China’s tuberculosis epidemic stems from historical expansion of four strains of Mycobacterium tubercu­losis”. Nature Ecology and Evolution 2.12 (2018): 1982-1992.
  3. Noymer A. and M. Garenne. “The 1918 Influenza Epidemic’s Effects on Sex Differentials in Mortality in the United States”. Population and Development Review 26.3 (2000): 565-581.
  4. Pearl R. Influenza studies. Public Health Reports. The United States Public Health Service, Washington Government Printing Office. August 8th 34.32 (1919): 1743-1792.
  5. Oei W and Nishiura H. “The Relationship between Tuberculosis and Influenza Death during the Influenza (H1N1) Pan­demic from 1918-19”. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2012).
  6. Wade HW and Manalang C. “Fungous Developmental Growth Forms Of Bacillus Influenzae : A Preliminary Note”. Journal of Experimental Medicine 31.1 (1920): 95-103.
  7. H. Graeme Gibson., et al. “The Etiology of Influenza”. British Medical Journal 1.3038 (1919): 331-335.
  8. Wang D., et al. “Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China”. JAMA (2020).
  9. Chen N., et al. “Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study.” Lancet 395. 10223 (2020): 507-513
  10. Amy Qin., et al. “China Tightens Wuhan Lockdown in ‘Wartime’ Battle With Coronavirus”. New York Times (2020).

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/06/world/asia/coronavirus-china-wuhan-quarantine.html

  1. Chak-Yen Wong., et al. “Tuberculosis in a SARS outbreak”. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 67.11 (2004): 579-582.
  2. Yang X., et al. “Seasonal Variation of Newly Notified Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases from 2004 to 2013 in Wuhan, China”. PLoS ONE 9.10 (2014): e108369.
  3. Hui Hu., et al. “A Critical Evaluation of Waste Incineration Plants in Wuhan (China) Based on Site Selection, Environ­mental Influence, Public Health and Public Participation”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12.7 (2015): 7593-7614.
  4. Dhama K., et al. “Tuberculosis in Birds: Insights into the Mycobacterium avium Infections. In Mycobacterial Diseases of Animals”. Veterinary Medicine International (2011).
  5. Schlossberg D. “Praeger Mongographs in Infectious Disease”. Published by Praeger Publishers 2 (1983).
  6. Gernez-Rieux C., et al. “Experimental study of interactions between pneumoconiosis and mycobacterial infections”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 29.200 (1972): 106-26.
  7. Rosenzweig DY. “Pulmonary mycobacteria infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex. Clinical features and course in 100 consecutive patients”. Chest 75.2 (1979): 115-119.
  8. Rosenzweig DY. “Atypical mycobacteriosis”. Clinics in Chest Medicine 1 (1980): 273-284.
  9. Butler WJ. “Tuberculosis. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual meeting of the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association”. Chicago, December 3.5, (1924): 97.
  10. Rist, E. “The sudden onset of lung tuberculosis and its lobar localization”. Canadian Medical Association Journal 21.2 (1929): 143-152.
  11. Farber JE and Clarke WT. “Unrecognized Tuberculosis in a General Hospital”. American Review of Tuberculosis 47.2 (1943):129-134.
  12. Hall MW. Communicable and other Diseases in the Medical Dept of the United States Army in the World War. Volume IX. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office (1928).
  13. Wong K. T., et al. “Thin-section CT of severe acute respiratory syndrome: evaluation of 73 patients exposed to or with the disease”. Radiology 228.2 (2003): 395-400.
  14. Hong S. H., et al. “High resolution CT findings of miliary tuberculosis”. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 22.2 (1998): 220-224.
  15. Mert A., et al. “Miliary tuberculosis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and outcome in 38 adults”. Respirology 6.3 (2001): 217-224.
  16. Shi XC., et al. “Major causes of fever of unknown origin at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the past 26 years”. Chinese Medical Journal 126.5 (2013): 808-12.
  17. Johkoh T., et al. “Crazy-paving appearance at thin section CT: spectrum of disease and pathologic findings”. Radiology 211.1 (1999): 155-160.
  18. Henry W. Murray., et al. “The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated with Miliary Tuberculosis”. Chest 73.1 (1978): 37-43.
  19. Roger PM., et al. “Prognosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome in tuberculosis patients: 4 case reports”. Presse Méd

(1995): 1021-1024

  1. Kim J. Y., et al. “Miliary tuberculosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome”. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 7.4 (2003): 359-364.
  2. Hon K., et al. “Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children”. Lancet 361.9370 (2003): 1701-1703
  3. Dubos, R. and Dubos, J. “The White Plague”. New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press (1952).
  4. Anderson M. “Clinical Lectures on the Curability of Attacks of Tubercular Peritonitis and Acute Tuberculosis (Galloping Consumption)”. James Maclehose Publisher Glascow (1877): 56.
  5. Scott HH. “Report on the deaths occurring in the Society’s gardens during 1925”. Proceedings of the Zoological Society London 96 (1926): 231-244.
  6. Griffith AS. “Tuberculosis in Captive Wild Animals”. Journal of Hygiene 28.2 (1928): 198-218.
  7. Hamerton AE. “Report on the deaths occurring in the Societies gardens during 1930”. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 101 (1931): 527-555.
  8. Lida H. Mattman. “Cell Wall Deficient Forms: Stealth Pathogens”. 3rd Edition CRC Press (2001).
  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 اسفند 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 اسفند 1398